i dont have my first school leaving certificate. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. INTERNAL COLONIALISM IN NIGERIA Some of the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria are the diversity of the nation and the desire for political, cultural and social identity of a people of over 250 ethnic groups, several languages, diversities and a lot of political traditions; the desire for some form of Required fields are marked *. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. Nigeria. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. Book excerpt: Defensive Federalism presents an original contribution to the field of federalism and multinational democracies, exploring the concept of defensive federalism as a protection of self- government against the "tyranny of the majority". Minority Marginalization 3.6 6. (PDF) Federalism in Nigeria -Problems, Prospects and the Imperative of The paper contends that unitary federalism in Nigeria is an imposition and extension of colonial and military entrenched inequalities in the Nigerian state. Everybody would likely agree that the conscious awareness and awakening of the course of who is who invariably determines who gets what, perhaps when and how. 33 The Marriage Act, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 1990, sec 18 specifically stipulates: "If either party to an intended marriage, not being a Consent widower or widow, is under twenty-one years of age, the written consent of the father, or if he be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the mother, or if both be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the . To make mortgage industry standards more flexible and modernized, the proposed rule would remove the requirement that lenders and mortgagees register with HUD each branch office . Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. examines the question on why federalism has not succeeded in managing and accommodating diversity in Nigeria. Secondly, are these groups well pleased, or do they at least accept such manipulative placements? Federalism as said earlier decentralizes power. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 7714 www.ijhssi.org Volume 2 Issue 8 August. endobj Wheare who contends that it is a system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere cordinate and independent. 7 Topics Revenue Allocation in Nigeria | Week 9. The unity here is brought about by the desire of the component units of the federation to form union in respect of some matters. Minority Issues and the Creation of State | Week 10. $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. PDF Federal Theory and Federalism in Africa Berihun Gebeye - McGill University It is also an undisputed fact that the Hausas and Yorubas fought Biafra to keep the unity of Nigeria. PDF Federalism in Nigeria: the Past, Current Peril and Future Hopes Nigeria has been dubbed as a product of British colonial suturing. Multi-Ethnicity Nigeria is a country with a lot of ethnic groups. The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. The Legacy of Biafra: An Investigation into trauma as National Identity Fragmentation, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, ETHNIC SCHISM IN NIGERIA: A SOCIO-LITERAY STUDY OF CHINUA ACHEBE'S THERE WAS COUNTRY. It should be noted, however, that the Leagues significantly differ from modern federations in one respect: namely, while the various governments freely interacted, no prosperous direct contact between the populace of the various governments was permitted. Abacha regime, added more states making Nigeria a federation of 36 states and Federal capital Territory at Abuja. For instance, such noun phrases like: nationality, nation, citizenship, identity, ethnicity, ethnic group, indigene, state of origin, etc, are inherently conflict laden, with abundant intellectual understandings. Moreover, it is important to note that most of the ethnic groups in Nigeria had strong political inter-group relationship before colonial rule. What a nice and educating document!We are grateful for this post. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. PDF Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria: Theory and Dimensions Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest. Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter. Ethnic, Religious and Geographical Factor 3.5 5. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. Brad Simpson (2014) The Biafran secession and the limits of self-determination, Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2-3, 337-354, WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, LAST TRAIN TO BIAFRA - Memories of a Biafran Child: A Personal Family Experience, Fiscal Federalism, Ethnic Minorities and the National Question in Nigeria: Revisiting the Case of the Niger Delta People, WARN POLICY BRIEF WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, Biafra Resurgence: State Failure, Insecurity and Separatist Agitations in Nigeria, Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA: A LESSON FOR NIGERIA, MASSOB AND IPOB SELF DETERMINATION AND THE NIGERIA STATE, Ndi Igbo, Leadership, Nationhood, the Nigerian Dilemma and Why We Are All Biafrans, Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, Exploring the Dimensions of Secessionist Agitations: Security Threats and Implications for Nigeria 1966-2016, REVISITING THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR: THE INTANGIBLES OF POST- WAR RECONCILIATION, The Ambiguity of Constitutional Silence on State Secession in Nigeria: Looking Beyond Politics of Compassion and Prejudice, West Africa Insight Secessionist Movement ENGLISH Version, Situation Analysis on Public Safety and Security Governorship Election in Anambra State, IGBOS, A PEOPLE THRIVING AMIDST ADVERSITY: WHO ARE THE IGBOS, Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of 'Biafraexit' on Twitter after UK's vote to leave the European Union, NIGERIA: WHAT IS TO BE DONE? Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. 2. Best information base for latest information both national and international. 3 Reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria 3.1 1. Besides the Big Three - Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. The Plural nature of Nigeria: Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. We hope to seeing you again on other posts of interest. Adobe d C /F7 24 0 R There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. There are three major tribes in Nigeria namely Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. Air Plan Approval; Texas; New Source Review Updates for Project 3. Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. Your email address will not be published. - Cooperative or "marble-cake" federalism is de ned as a exible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs. The political parties involved in the first republic were more formed on a regional basis. The constitution must be rigid to avoid frequent and unnecessary changes. Nigeria is confronted to the boomerang effects of the evolution of its federalism. However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. Send the Following Details on WhatsApp ( 08143831497) After Payment. ), Constitutionalism, Constitution Making and Constitutional Reform in Africa: Contemporary Perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa, Chapter IX: The politics and policies of oil deregulation in Nigeria: Implications and policy suggestions. Federalism in Nigeria - Wikipedia +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ The origin of federalism in Nigeria can be traced to the colonial era. The first military head of state was dethroned for adopting unitary system of government yet successive military administration in practice follow unitary principle instead of federal system. x^[YsF~[-`pys)fk"%J hE;}LO *%gH=zoN/oNS~~zb|\U?_s3jJ}ZxhK2&$9|H-&9)q7"|kxN7i,anHiw>&_N~@bdkBs>gIM>z2|1zFDW+1"y-#HCQJmvj4CW5z,#IwHGc&Y"`Sg|2)FQ& p:?WT hQ4M:*|9tKy?c[U(zqfNBA=XCOf~2i6KC@;DGO? On the contrary it has also been suggested that is created more diversity and conflict for the nation to grapple with. Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC, is a Law Student and a Certified Mediator/Conciliator in Nigeria. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. In many countries of the world, federalism has emerged as a means of accommodating the growing desire of people to preserve or revive the intimacy of small societies and the growing necessity for larger combinations to mobilize the utilization of common resources. It is important to also reason that small states are prone to domination and sometimes control by the big ones. This is why there is a clamoring for restructuring and true federalism in Nigeria. Unfortunately, to suit their interests and political agenda, the federal and state governments over time immemorial have maintained great level of . Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz READ ALSO: History of democracy in Nigeria from 1960. stream 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. Besides this desire, there was also the presence of certain socio-economic conditions (Babalola, 2013 . This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. 1. Nigeria, a previously unitary state, became a federation in 1954. %PDF-1.5 Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. I have said that Nigeria is reputed to be the largest black country around, even Nigeria has claimed to be the giant of Africa by . In Nigeria, there are different and distinct ethnic groups brought together by colonization. /Font << What are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? @VF:8=|@5&/1df gbjtCoy(L5A,JCI1/'5DT8`A!UY*&wTN5[v;KXvH* 5:>}W^Bp_ ;R!&L %s\q'(], PDF Federalism, Politics and Corruption in Nigeria: Implications for Higher Matters, enumerated in the exclusive list are selected for the federal authority, while matters that fall within the concurrent list are selected for the federal government, and the regions. POL 124 MAIN CONTENT Mar 21, 2011 NEW (1), Resource Control, Federalism and Peace in the Niger Delta: A Reflection on Nigeria at Fifty, Federalism and Revenue Allocation in Nigeria: A Critical Evaluation of the Derivation Principle, Legal Framework for Fiscal Federalism: Issues and Options for Reform, RESOURCE CONTROL, REVENUE ALLOCATION AND PETROLEUM POLITICS IN NIGERIA: THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Nigeria's Fourth Republic: Issues and Challenges, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, Federalism, Democracy and Constitutionalism: The Nigerian Experience. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. . The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, Differences Between First, Second and Third Degree Murder, Best Lawyers In The World (With Pictures): Top 10 Most Popular, Factors that Limits Independence of the Judiciary in Nigeria, Statute of Fraud: Contracts Required to be in Writing, Advantages And Disadvantages Of a Limited Liability Company (LLC), Richest Christian Musicians In The World: Top 10 Wealthiest, Countries With The Highest Minimum Wage 2022: Top 13, Best Handworks/Skills To Learn In Nigeria 2023: Top 12 Most Lucrative, Richest Engineers In Nigeria 2022: Top 10 Highest Paid, Cheapest Places to Live in the United Kingdom 2022: 12 Most Affordable, Cheapest Places/Cities To Live In Nigeria 2022. In the first place, therefore, the contemplation of a federal pact is one of an overwhelming outcome of the emphatic need to handle the above concerns acceptably. Since a strong bond links the process through which constitutions are produced and their degree of acceptance and effectiveness, questions over the Constitutions legitimacy prompted parliament to amend it in 2010. (PDF) Nigeria: a model of federalist ethnic conflict management or The crux of the matter is that the minorities fear the domination of the majorities, but federalism allows them some independent existence, and as such, their fears, both real and fancied, are allayed. Mainly of telling who is who in a given society. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. Trouble for INEC staff who violated Electoral Act during presidential polls as c 53 things to do with your boyfriend: fun ways to spend time together, Presidential election: Jack-Rich salutes Tinubu, Shettima over victory, Maritime workers hail Supreme Court over old naira notes, says cargo can now leave ports, Dating apps in Nigeria: best applications to help you find the one. It means that the sovereign unit (Centre) and local units . It advocates good governance and a participatory approach to constitutional review as the foundations for strong constitutionalism in Nigeria. by the federal or any state government. As a Nigerian, it is important to understand some basic things about the system of governance in Nigeria and why it is so. Olawale Olaopa, Ibikunle Ogundari, Mike Awoleye and Willie Siyanbola, Nigeria Quasi Federalism: An Obstacle To Peace And Development In Nigeria, FEDERAL BALANCING IN NIGERIA: A PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY, DECENTRALIZING PUBLIC SECTOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND THE CONTRADICTIONS OF FEDERAL PRACTICE IN NIGERIA, The National Assembly, Constitution Amendment and Civil Society Expectations, True Federalism in Nigeria: A Political Discourse, Re-regionalization and Fiscal Federalism: The Panacea for Accelerated National Development in Nigeria, REPORT OF NIGERIA'S 2014 NATIONAL DIALOGUE, Politics, Power. The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. Federalism is a mixed form of government where there is a general government always known as the central or federal government and regional governments which could be provincial or states governments. The federal system adopted in 1954 comprised a national government and three regional governments: Eastern, Northern, and Western. Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance, Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria, How To Calculate OAU Aggregate Score for Admission, Best Education Websites and Blogs In Nigeria (2021), Lakzeland Regional High School Board Of Education, Student Loan Planning Educational Webinar With Justin Rice, Is Agricultural Chemicals a Good Career Path? Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. It allows for popular participation in politics at every level of government. With the total area of 923,768 km, Nigeria can not justifiably be administered by a lone leviathan from the top. % It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. Also, there was a demand for more local regions by all these ethnic interest groups which was what led to the creation of new states. Problems of Nigerian Federalism 1) Revenue Allocation: This has been a problem in Nigeria. Below are the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federal system of government: The major reason for the adoption of federal system of government in Nigeria is borne out of the historical experience that brought all the ethical groups together under one Nigeria. Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. Since federal systems have been formed for different reasons and to is one of the devices built into the federal constitution of Nigeria as a means of achieving unity in diversity. Then Nigeria was organised into a federation that had three regions. Nigeria's founding fathers desired a federal political framework, believing that federal states have the structural capacity to accommodate diversity. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB /Type /Page The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. As I have already explained, Nigeria is an amalgamation of three different regions with beliefs and customs. Federalism in Canada - Canada.ca THE THEME OF IMAGERY AND SYMBOLISM IN THE IPOB SECESSIONIST STRUGGLE, Abdul's Assignment on 711 Dr. Usman Mohammed, A nation divided against itself: Biafra and the conflicting online protest discourses, Ethnicity, Political Exclusion and the Resurgence of Separatism in South-Eastern, Nigeria, Hands Behind their backs: Making a case for a region-centred restructuring framework, THE EFFECT OF CRIMINAL INJUSTICE AGAINST EASTERN NIGERIA AND THE DEMAND FOR SELF-DETERMINATION BY IPOB.