The most important reason why Mary was a threat to Elizabeth's reign was the fact that Mary was Catholic. Upon his arrival, he accepted the position of Governor-General which proved to be a big mistake as it suggested that Elizabeth had taken control of the Netherlands. Foreign Policy 1553 to 1558 - History Learning Site In 1554 Mary had Elizabeth imprisoned in the Tower of London, briefly threatened her with execution, and then placed her under house arrest. The English had drastically improved their shipbuilding techniques which gave them several technological advantages. Therefore, Elizabeths legitimacy was questioned because of the marriage between Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Elizabeth also felt she had no right to execute a legitimate monarch but also, executing a queen could set a dangerous precedent that could undermine her own claim to rule by Divine Right and fuel more plots against her. In 1568 Elizabeth also controversially stole gold from Spanish ships (which was loaned from Genoese banks to fund the Spanish army, against the Dutch rebels) that were staying at English ports. Official Thread: (Undergraduate) Medicine 2023 Entry, St George's University of London (SGUL) A101 2023 Entry. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Describe two features of the threats posed to Elizabeth in 1558 3. Philip II and the Pope supported the plot that would involve the invasion of England by the Duke of Guise. Calais was a French port which the English had occupied and was responsible for 80% of wool exports. Europe. He was the son of King Henry VIII by his third wife, Jane Seymour.Throughout the realm, the people greeted the birth of a male heir, "whom we hungered for so long", with joy and relief. This was due to the actions of her father, Henry VIII, in 1533. Most of the fleet was then destroyed by storms. - rebelling of scottish lords. This time, however, the evidence gathered by Walsingham was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial. Anne was executed less than three years after Elizabeth's birth. The treaty essentially allowed Elizabeth to focus on developing events in the Netherlands and not worry about protecting her northern border. The victory over the Spanish boosted Elizabeths popularity and strengthened the Protestant cause as it was a sign that God favoured Protestantism. She was reluctant to execute Mary as she was Queen of Scotland and she believed in Divine Right that rulers were sent by God to govern their country. These ensured the plots were uncovered before they could be fully developed. Her sister, Mary, had made Roman Catholicism the official religion of the country, but many of the people were. Religion was the most serious problem facing Elizabeth in 1558? How far Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. Elizabeth seized the gold which angered King Phillip and in response, he seized English ships that were in Antwerp. They believed privy council members such as William Cecil had become too powerful and instead wanted to remove those they deemed evil and replace them with councillors more sympathetic to their causes. The threat of France to Elizabeth's rule Elizabeth had two main problems concerning France: She inherited a bad relationship with France from her predecessor Queen Mary I. France were. Queen Elizabeth and King Phillip II were still reluctant to openly declare war with one another however, in 1585, this changed due to dispute over the Netherlands. However, the settlement was abandoned and no trace of the colonists was ever found. However this union was appalling because he was Catholic was married to the previous queen, and a foreigner. What happened to Elizabeth I in 1554? - Answers At the start of her reign in 1558, Elizabeth faced many problems it was a very tumultuous time for her. JPs provided the able-bodied with raw materials (like wool) to make items to sell. Apply for student finance without a bank account? To counter homelessness and the begging/criminal activity that sometimes accompanied this, a law was passed that stated that, if found, vagrants were: 1) to be whipped and have a hole drilled through each ear 2) if found a second time would be imprisoned 3) would be killed if found a third time. Abroad, however, was another matter as Marys execution inflamed Catholic opposition and increased the threat of foreign invasion. Explain why Mary, Queen of Scots, was a threat to the reign of "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st point + explanation. In October 1586, Mary was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death. Mary was married to Philip II of Spain. - large religious threat as shows the chance of invasion increased due to the fact Spain and France could unite together against England. As the war ended, Philip II of Spain wanted to stay on good . "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st explanation. From allies to enemies: Queen Elizabeth and King Philip - History Pope refused to accept the divorce and marriage and as a result Catholics in England in 1558 did not accept Elizabeth as a legitimate monarch. . Instead, Drakes plan was to attack the port of Cadiz, which wasnt as well defended. August 8th: Battle of Gravelines fireships caused the Spanish fleet to scatter. This meant two of the most powerful European nations were now united against Protestantism, placing Elizabeth in a precarious position. This caused panic among the Spanish sailors, who cut their anchor cables and broke their defensive formation as they headed for the open sea. The English Catholics now had no-one they could rally around and effectively lost hope of ever replacing Elizabeth. Which three countries were a threat to England and Elizabeth? Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the reasons for the increased Catholic threat to Elizabeth I after 1566. In 1581, Protestant rebels in the Netherlands declared independence from Spain and established a Dutch republic. Ridolfis plan was to make Mary queen by first assassinating Elizabeth and then marrying Mary to the Duke of Norfolk. He then banned English trade with the Netherlands for a period of time which damaged Englands economy and caused much hardship for the English people. PPTX What problems did Elizabeth I face when she became Queen in 1558? First English colony in Virginia established. Copy. GCSE: Early Elizabethan England (1558-88) - Tutor2u Elizabeth had also claimed all the profits from copper mines that were discovered in his estates which meant he lost a significant amount of money too. Elizabeth's legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. The loss of ships, weapons and supplies were proving incredibly costly for Spain as these needed to be replaced and obtaining fresh supplies put a strain on Spains finances. France was at war with England and Spain. Who was Queen Elizabeth enemies? - idswater.com There are 4 main exam boards used in the UK. Elizabeth offered support to the Protestant Henry IV of France but found him an difficult ally to get on with. The relationship with Spain and King Phillip II was at a low point in 1587 as the two countries were at war over the Netherlands. Mary, Queen of Scots had been linked to Catholic plots before, but Elizabeth had always been reluctant to take any action against her. The plots involved European conspirators and were supported by France, Spain and even the Pope. What were the causes of westward She raised an army following her escape from prison but was defeated at Langside (Glasgow). Social Studies American History: Reconstruction to the Present Guided Reading Workbook. Spains forces in the Netherlands mutinied (as they hadnt been paid by the now bankrupt Spanish government). As Phillip was a devout Catholic, he disliked Elizabeths religious settlement and Protestanism. The first being Elizabeth's refusal of marriage to Phillip if Spain. Design engineering imperial 2023 applicants, Border Force Officer - Core and Mobile teams recruitment campaign September 2022. The Student Room and The Uni Guide are trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. As Catholics do not believe in divorce it means that the marriage between Henry and Catherine was never dissolved, and therefore, the marriage with Anne never happened, and as a result of this Elizabeth was an illegitimate child and had no right to the throne of England. Elizabeth I - Accession | Britannica 2022 Youth Conference - post conference 4 month challenge! In total, less than 10000 men and half the fleet made it back to Spain. Elizabeth and the Netherlands Issue - 1576-1584 (GCSE Example - Tutor2u [Referencing this date is very good, because it demonstrates to the examiner awareness of WHY the question includes this date in the first place. (*fragmentary*). - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. . When Mary eventually gets pregnant, Francis is initially . Elizabeth's Legitimacy | History | tutor2u Why was the Catholic threat greater by the 1580s? The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). Stimulus = Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England / The sea beggars, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). Letters sent to Mary were also intercepted which implicated her and the Duke of Norfolk in the plot. What he meant by this was he had inflicted significant temporary damage on the Spanish Armada and it would regrow in time. Instead, her goal was to ensure freedom of worship for Dutch Protestants and protect Englands Military, commercial and strategic interests listed above. Although her small kingdom was threatened by grave internal divisions, Elizabeth's blend of shrewdness, courage, and majestic self-display inspired ardent expressions of loyalty and helped unify the nation against foreign enemies. France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. The Northern Earls were unhappy and rebelled for several reasons: The Revolt of the Northern Earls was arguably the most serious rebellion during Elizabeths reign and presented a threat for a number of reasons: During the 1570s and 1580s, there were several plots by Catholics to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. As these privateers were supposedly independent, Elizabeth could deny any responsibility for the activities and this helped to prevent open conflict with King Phillip and Spain directly. Boston House, Roberto di Ridolfi was an Italian banker who played a small role in the Revolt of the Northern Earls. Pope, Head of Catholic church would excommunicate her. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - conclusion. Describe two features of the Rebellion of the Norther earls 1559 7. In 1569, one of the wealthiest landowners in England, the Duke of Norfolk concocted a plan to marry Mary, Queen of Scots and have her recognised as Elizabeths heir. As with the 1569 plot, she would marry the Duke of Norfolk. Another being the English sympathy to the protestant rebels on the Netherlands. Describe two features of Elizabeth's religious settlement 1559 5. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! With the seemingly imminent war between Spain only a matter of time, Elizabeth was determined to rid England of the enemy within. I think I'm about to officially choose the Uni im going to but I'm not 100% sur, HELP, Official Imperial College 2023 Undergraduate Applicants Thread, Official Cambridge Postgraduate Applicants 2023 Thread, Plucking Serene Dreams From Golden Trees. Therefore, I disagree with the statement. The English ships moved in for the attack and the following battle lasted several hours with 5 Spanish ships having been sunk. When Elizabeth came to the throne in 1558 her people were divided by religion. He even came to England to meet Elizabeth and she even announced before some of her courtiers that she would marry him. Before she came to the throne her mother Mary of Guise ruled Scotland while she remained in France married to the French prince Francis. 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To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and The ships that did manage to make the journey back ran short of supplies, and many men died of starvation and disease. The problems arose as she ruled an isolated protestant kingdom surrounded by catholic superpowers. As such, the Catholic community cited both religious and legal reasons why Elizabeth had no right to be Queen, which made her accession extremely problematic. At the beginning of her reign, an obvious candidate for Elizabeth to marry was her half sister's widow, Phillip of Spain. Working for the British, Native American Manteo was placed in charge of the expedition by Sir Walter Raleigh. The threat of invasion was heavy as England was in the midst of strongly Catholic countries in Europe, who saw Elizabeth's Protestantism as a threat to their own countries and a major problem. migration? One reason Dudley failed was that he wasnt a talented general or tactician. Challenges To Elizabeth At Home And Abroad - Learndojo.org The Act of Supremacy The queen's reassertion of control over religious matters was achieved via the April 1559 CE Act of Supremacy, once more closing the door on the Pope. The reasons for, and significance of, the Revolt of the Northern Earls, 156970. PDF History Paper 2 - Elizabeth Topic 1: Early threats and the Religious Apple Ordered to Pay Optis Wireless $300 Million in Second LTE Patent Trial. Between the period between 1577 and 1580, Drake sailed around the world and carried out a number of raids on Spanish settlements and ships.